2/2018 - 3 |
A Computationally Efficient Pipelined Architecture for 1D/2D Lifting Based Forward and Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform for CDF 5/3 FilterCEKLI, S. |
Extra paper information in |
Click to see author's profile in SCOPUS, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science |
Download PDF (1,647 KB) | Citation | Downloads: 1,031 | Views: 3,379 |
Author keywords
digital systems, discrete wavelet transforms, multiprocessing systems, pipeline processing, programmable logic arrays
References keywords
wavelet(33), transform(20), lifting(16), architecture(14), discrete(13), systems(12), circuits(10), signal(9), processing(9), image(9)
Blue keywords are present in both the references section and the paper title.
About this article
Date of Publication: 2018-05-31
Volume 18, Issue 2, Year 2018, On page(s): 17 - 26
ISSN: 1582-7445, e-ISSN: 1844-7600
Digital Object Identifier: 10.4316/AECE.2018.02003
Web of Science Accession Number: 000434245000003
SCOPUS ID: 85047844169
Abstract
In this study, a simple lifting based pipeline DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) architecture is proposed for the operation of the CDF 5/3 (Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau 5/3) filter. This scalable architecture is faster and capable of fulfilling the transformation utilizing the parallel processing operation units. The symmetric boundary extension method is used at the signal boundaries to obtain the best result in the case of 1D/2D. The proposed architecture utilizes the hardware resources in a quite efficient way by means of the pipeline technique. The architectural design is constituted by using RTL (Register Transfer Level) design process and coded by the Verilog HDL. The proposed architecture is tested for several 1D/2D inputs to examine its operation. The related architecture is synthesized for the FPGA board to check the results. The reverse operation is fulfilled by using the same structure only by changing the shift amounts of the shifting units. The DWT coefficients are calculated on this architecture for the 1D/2D situation. The hardware resources are used effectively by utilizing the constituted architecture in folded structure in the 2D case. Satisfying results have been obtained when the different numbers of parallel processing units are utilized. |
References | | | Cited By «-- Click to see who has cited this paper |
[1] S. G. Mallat, "A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The Wavelet Representation", IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis Mach. Int., vol. 11, no.7, pp. 674-693, July 1989. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 12928] [SCOPUS Times Cited 18163] [2] S. C. B. Lo, H. Li, M. T. Freedman, "Optimization of Wavelet Decomposition for Image Compression and Feature Preservation", IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 22, no. 9, September 2003. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 36] [SCOPUS Times Cited 48] [3] L. Cheng, D. L. Liang, Z. H. Zhang, "Popular Biorthogonal Wavelet Filters via a Lifting Scheme and its Application in Image Compression", IEE Proc.-Vis. Image Signal Process., vol. 150, no. 4, pp. 227-232, August 2003. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 10] [SCOPUS Times Cited 18] [4] T. Park, S. Jung, "High Speed Lattice Based VLSI Architecture of 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform for Real-Time Video Signal Processing", IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1026-1032, November 2002. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 11] [SCOPUS Times Cited 17] [5] T. Andre, M. Antonini, M. Barlaud, R. M. Gray,"Entropy-Based Distortion Measure and Bit Allocation for Wavelet Image Compression", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, vol. 16, issue. 12, pp. 3058-3064, December 2007. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 15] [SCOPUS Times Cited 17] [6] G. Bhatnagar, Q. M. J. Wu, B. Raman, "A New Fractional Random Wavelet transform for Fingerprint Security", IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 262-275, January 2012. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 36] [SCOPUS Times Cited 52] [7] I. Ram, I. Cohen, M. Elad, "Facial Image Compression Using Patch-Ordering-Based Adaptive Wavelet Transform", IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1270-1274, October 2014. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 20] [SCOPUS Times Cited 26] [8] C. A. Garcia, A. Otero, X. Vila, D. G. Marquez, "A New Algorithm for Wavelet-Based Heart Rate Variability Analysis", Elsevier, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 8, pp. 542-550, 2013. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 26] [SCOPUS Times Cited 30] [9] E. Causevic, R. E. Morley, M. V. Wickerhauser, A. E. Jacquin, "Fast Wavelet Estimation of Weak Biosignals", IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1021-1032, June 2005. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 19] [SCOPUS Times Cited 25] [10] K. G. Oweiss, A. Mason, Y. Suhail, A. M. Kamboh, K. E. Thomson, "A scalable Wavelet Transform VLSI Architecture for Real-Time Signal Processing in High-Density Intra-Cortical Implants", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I: Regular Papers, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1266-1278, June 2007. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 86] [SCOPUS Times Cited 100] [11] J. A. T. Machado, A. C. Costa, M. D. Quelhas, "Wavelet Analysis of Human DNA", Elsevier Genomics 98, pp. 155-163, 2011. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 32] [SCOPUS Times Cited 33] [12] S. Saini, L. Dewan, "Application of Discrete Wavelet Transform for Analysis of Genomic Sequences of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis", Springerplus. 5: 64; 2016. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 13] [SCOPUS Times Cited 16] [13] T. Meng, A. T. Soliman, M. Shyu, Y. Yang, S. Chen, S. S. Iyengar, J. S. Yordy, P. Iyengar, "Wavelet Analysis in Current Cancer Genome Research: A Survey", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1442-1459, November/December 2013. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 24] [SCOPUS Times Cited 39] [14] I. Rodriguez, A. Manuel-Lazaro, A. Carlosena, A. Bermudez, J. Del Rio, S.S.Panahi, "Signal Processing in Ocean Bottom Seismographs for Refraction Seismology", IEEE Trans. Instr. Measurement, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 652-658, April 2006. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 5] [SCOPUS Times Cited 9] [15] J. Ma, G. Plonka, H. Chauris, "A New Sparse Representation of Seismic Data Using Adaptive Easy-Path Wavelet Transform", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 540-544, October 2010. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 33] [SCOPUS Times Cited 53] [16] C. P. Uzunoglu, "Investigation of Degradative Signals on Outdoor Solid Insulators Using Continuous Wavelet Transform", Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, vol. 11, no.3, pp. 683-689, 2016. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 4] [SCOPUS Times Cited 4] [17] I. S. Uzun, A. Amira, "Framework for FPGA-Based Discrete Biorthogonal Wavelet Transforms Implementation", IEE Proc.-Vis. Im. Sig. Proc., vol. 153, no. 6, Dec. 2006. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 7] [SCOPUS Times Cited 12] [18] J. T. Olkkonen, H. Olkkonen, "Discrete Lattice Wavelet Transform", IEEE Transactions on Circuits ans Systems-II: Express Briefs, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 71-75, January 2007. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 9] [SCOPUS Times Cited 10] [19] H. I. Shahadi, R. Jidin, W. H. Way, Y. A. Abbas, "Efficient FPGA Architecture for Dual Mode Integer Haar Lifting Wavelet Transform Core", Journal of Applied Sciences 14 (5): pp. 436-444, 2014. [CrossRef] [20] K. Andra, C. Chakrabarti, T. Acharya, "A VLSI Architecture for Lifting-Based Forward and Inverse Wavelet Transform", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 966-977, April 2002. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 230] [SCOPUS Times Cited 320] [21] W. Sweldens, "The Lifting Scheme: A Custom-Design Construction of Biorthogonal Wavelets", Applied and Comp. Harmonic Analysis 3, no. 0015, pp. 186-200, 1996. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 1486] [SCOPUS Times Cited 1986] [22] I. Daubechies, W. Sweldens, "Factoring Wavelet Transforms into Lifting Steps", The Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications, vol. 4, issue 3, pp. 247-269, 1998. [CrossRef] [23] W. Zhang, Z. Jiang, Z. Gao, Y. Liu, "An Efficient VLSI Architecture for Lifting-Based Discrete Wavelet Transform", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Express Briefs, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 158-162, March 2012. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 56] [SCOPUS Times Cited 88] [24] K. A. Kotteri, S. Barua, A. E. Bell, E. Carletta, "A Comparison of Hardware Implementations of the Biorthogonal 9/7 DWT: Convolution Versus Lifting", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Express Briefs, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 256-260, May 2005. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 43] [SCOPUS Times Cited 56] [25] O. Fatemi, S. Bolouki, "Pipeline, Memory-Efficient and Programmable Architecture for 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform Using Lifting Scheme", IEE Proc.-Circuits Devices Syst., vol. 152, no. 6, pp. 703-708, December 2005. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 9] [SCOPUS Times Cited 11] [26] J. Song, I. C. Park, "Pipelined Discrete Wavelet Transform Architecture Scanning Dual Lines", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Express Briefs, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 916-9, December 2009. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 12] [SCOPUS Times Cited 13] [27] B. K. Mohany, P.K. Meher, "Area-Delay-Power_Efficient architecture for Folded Two-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform by Multiple Lifting Computation", IET Image Process, vol. 8, iss. 6, pp. 345-353, 2014. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 4] [SCOPUS Times Cited 6] [28] G. Shi, W. Liu, L. Zhang, F. Li, "An Efficient Folded Architecture for Lifting-Based Discrete Wavelet Transform", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Express Briefs, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 290-294, April 2009. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 51] [SCOPUS Times Cited 74] [29] C. T. Huang, P. C. Tseng, L. G. Chen, "Flipping Structure: An Efficient VLSI Architecture for Lifting-Based Discrete Wavelet Transform", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing", vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1080-1089, April 2004. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 138] [SCOPUS Times Cited 200] [30] A. Darji, S. Agrawal, A. Oza, V. Sinha, A. Verma, S. N. Merchant, A. N. Chandorkar, "Dual-Scan Parallel Flipping Architecture for a Lifting-Based 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Express Briefs, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 433-437, June 2014. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 18] [SCOPUS Times Cited 36] [31] G. Dillen, B. Georis, J. D. Legat, O. Cantineau, "Combine Line-Based Architecture for the 5-3 and 9-7 Wavelet Transform of JPEG2000", IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Tech., vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 944-950, September 2003. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 67] [SCOPUS Times Cited 88] [32] W. J. Laan, A. C. Jalba, J. B. T. M. Roerdink, "Accelerating Wavelet Lifting on Graphics Hardware Using CUDA", IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 132-146, January 2011. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 81] [SCOPUS Times Cited 105] [33] C. E. Kozyrakis, D. A. Patterson, "Scalable Vector Processors for Embedded Systems", IEEE Computer Society, vol. 23, issue no. 06, pp. 36-45, Nov./Dec. 2003. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 48] [SCOPUS Times Cited 56] [34] K. C. B. Tan, T. Arslan, "Low Power Embedded Extension Algorithm for Lifting-Based Discrete Wavelet Transform in JPEG2000", IEEE Electronics Letters, vol. 37, Issue. 22, pp. 1328-1330, October 2001. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 13] [SCOPUS Times Cited 31] [35] W. Jiang, A. Ortega, "Lifting Factorization-Based Discrete Wavelet Transform Architecture Design", IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. for Video Tech., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 651-657, May 2001. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 57] [SCOPUS Times Cited 73] [36] M. Dali, A. Guessoum, R. M. Gibson, A. Amira, N. Ramzan, "Efficient FPGA Implementation of High-Throughput Mixed Radix Multipath Delay Commutator FFT Processor for MIMO-OFDM", Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering (AECE), vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 27-38, 2017. [CrossRef] [Full Text] [Web of Science Times Cited 10] [SCOPUS Times Cited 10] [37] A. Y. Jean-Cuellar, L. Morales-Velazquez, R. J. Romero-Troncoso, R.A. Osornio-Rios, "FPGA-Based Embedded System Architecture for Micro-Genetic Algorithms Applied to Parameters Optimization in Motion Control", Advances in Electrical and Computer Eng. (AECE), vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 23-32, 2015. [CrossRef] [Full Text] [Web of Science Times Cited 3] [SCOPUS Times Cited 3] [38] A. R. Calderbank, I. Daubechies, W. Sweldens, B. L. Yeo, "Wavelet Transforms That Map Integers to Integers", Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis 5, no. HA970238, pp. 332-369, 1998. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 644] [SCOPUS Times Cited 867] [39] W. Sweldens, "The Lifting Scheme: A Construction of Second Generation Wavelets", SIAM Journal on Math. Anal., vol. 29, issue 2, pp. 511-546, March 1998. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 1264] [SCOPUS Times Cited 1964] [40] W. A. Pearlman, Wavelet Image Compression, Synthesis Lectures on Image, Video, and Multimedia Processing, Alan C. Bovik, Series Editor, Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2013. [CrossRef] [SCOPUS Times Cited 6] Web of Science® Citations for all references: 17,548 TCR SCOPUS® Citations for all references: 24,665 TCR Web of Science® Average Citations per reference: 428 ACR SCOPUS® Average Citations per reference: 602 ACR TCR = Total Citations for References / ACR = Average Citations per Reference We introduced in 2010 - for the first time in scientific publishing, the term "References Weight", as a quantitative indication of the quality ... Read more Citations for references updated on 2024-11-07 08:26 in 278 seconds. Note1: Web of Science® is a registered trademark of Clarivate Analytics. Note2: SCOPUS® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Disclaimer: All queries to the respective databases were made by using the DOI record of every reference (where available). Due to technical problems beyond our control, the information is not always accurate. Please use the CrossRef link to visit the respective publisher site. |
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania
All rights reserved: Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering is a registered trademark of the Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, photocopied, recorded or archived, without the written permission from the Editor. When authors submit their papers for publication, they agree that the copyright for their article be transferred to the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania, if and only if the articles are accepted for publication. The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints and translations.
Permission for other use: The copyright owner's consent does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific written permission must be obtained from the Editor for such copying. Direct linking to files hosted on this website is strictly prohibited.
Disclaimer: Whilst every effort is made by the publishers and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinions or statements appear in this journal, they wish to make it clear that all information and opinions formulated in the articles, as well as linguistic accuracy, are the sole responsibility of the author.