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Stefan cel Mare
University of Suceava
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science
13, Universitatii Street
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ROMANIA

Print ISSN: 1582-7445
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WorldCat: 643243560
doi: 10.4316/AECE


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 HIGHLY CITED PAPER 

Robust 2-bit Quantization of Weights in Neural Network Modeled by Laplacian Distribution

PERIC, Z. See more information about PERIC, Z. on SCOPUS See more information about PERIC, Z. on IEEExplore See more information about PERIC, Z. on Web of Science, DENIC, B. See more information about  DENIC, B. on SCOPUS See more information about  DENIC, B. on SCOPUS See more information about DENIC, B. on Web of Science, DINCIC, M. See more information about  DINCIC, M. on SCOPUS See more information about  DINCIC, M. on SCOPUS See more information about DINCIC, M. on Web of Science, NIKOLIC, J. See more information about NIKOLIC, J. on SCOPUS See more information about NIKOLIC, J. on SCOPUS See more information about NIKOLIC, J. on Web of Science
 
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Download PDF pdficon (1,299 KB) | Citation | Downloads: 1,245 | Views: 1,626

Author keywords
image classification, neural networks, quantization, signal to noise ratio, source coding

References keywords
neural(18), networks(14), learning(7), information(7), quantization(6), processing(6), systems(5), machine(5), deep(5), convolutional(5)
Blue keywords are present in both the references section and the paper title.

About this article
Date of Publication: 2021-08-31
Volume 21, Issue 3, Year 2021, On page(s): 3 - 10
ISSN: 1582-7445, e-ISSN: 1844-7600
Digital Object Identifier: 10.4316/AECE.2021.03001
Web of Science Accession Number: 000691632000001
SCOPUS ID: 85114815185

Abstract
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Significant efforts are constantly involved in finding manners to decrease the number of bits required for quantization of neural network parameters. Although in addition to compression, in neural networks, the application of quantizer models that are robust to changes in the variance of input data is of great importance, to the best of authors knowledge, this topic has not been sufficiently researched so far. For that reason, in this paper we give preference to logarithmic companding scalar quantizer, which has shown the best robustness in high quality quantization of speech signals, modelled similarly as weights in neural networks, by Laplacian distribution. We explore its performance by performing the exact and asymptotic analysis for low resolution scenario with 2-bit quantization, where we draw firm conclusions about the usability of the exact performance analysis and design of our quantizer. Moreover, we provide a manner to increase the robustness of the quantizer we propose by involving additional adaptation of the key parameter. Theoretical and experimental results obtained by applying our quantizer in processing of neural network weights are very good matched, and, for that reason, we can expect that our proposal will find a way to practical implementation.


References | Cited By  «-- Click to see who has cited this paper

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[6] A. Conneau, H. Schwenk, L. Barrault, Y. Lecun, "Very deep convolutional networks for text classification," arXiv preprint arXiv: 1606.01781, 2016.

[7] V. Delic, Z. Peric, M. Secujski, N. Jakovljevic, J. Nikolic, et. al, "Speech technology progress based on new machine learning paradigm," Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, vol. 2019, Article ID 4368036, 19 pages, 2019.
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[9] M. U. Ahmed, S. Brickman, A. Dengg,N. Fasth, M. Mihajlovic, et. al., "A machine learning approach to classify pedestrians' events based on IMU and GPS," International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 17, no 2, pp. 154-167, 2019.

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[CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 5] [SCOPUS Times Cited 6]


[17] A. Nannarelli, "Variable precision 16-bit floating-point vector unit for embedded processors," in Proc. of IEEE 27th Symposium on Computer Arithmetic, (ARITH 2020), Portland, OR, USA, 2020.

[18] R. Banner, I. Hubara, E. Hoffer, D. Soudry, "Scalable methods for 8-bit training of neural networks," in Proc. of the 32nd Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2018), Montreal, Canada, 2018.

[19] R. Banner, Y. Nahshan, D. Soudry, "Post training 4-bit quantization of convolutional networks for rapid-deployment," in Proc. of the 33rd Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), Vancouver, Canada, 2019.

[20] J. Choi, S. Venkataramani, V. Srinivasan, K. Gopalakrishnan, Z. Wang, et. al, "Accurate and efficient 2-bit quantized neural networks," in Proc. of the 2nd SysML Conference, Stanford, CA, USA, 2019.

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[23] Z. Peric, B. Denic, M. Savic, V. Despotovic, "Design and analysis of binary scalar quantizer of Laplacian source with applications," Information, vol. 11, 18 pages, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 11] [SCOPUS Times Cited 13]


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[25] S. Na, "Asymptotic formulas for mismatched fixed-rate minimum MSE Laplacian Quantizers," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 15, pp. 13-16, 2008.
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[26] Z. Peric, G. Petkovic, B. Denic, A. Stanimirovic, V. Despotovic, et al., "Gaussian source coding using a simple switched quantization algorithm and variable length codewords," Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 11-18, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Full Text] [Web of Science Times Cited 1] [SCOPUS Times Cited 1]


[27] S. Tomic, Z. Peric, M. Tancic, J. Nikolic, "Backward adaptive and quasi-logarithmic quantizer for sub-band coding of audio," Information Technology and Control, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 131-139, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 8] [SCOPUS Times Cited 21]


[28] M. Dincic, Z. Peric, D. Denic, Z. Stamenkovic, "Design of robust quantizers for low-bit analog-to-digital converters for Gaussian source," Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 28, no. supp01, 1940002, 2019.
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[29] Z. Peric, J. Nikolic, D. Aleksic, A. Peric, "Symmetric quantile quantizer parameterization for the Laplacian source: Qualification for contemporary quantization solutions," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2021, Article ID 6647135, 12 pages, 2021.
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[31] Y. LeCun, C. Cortez, C. Burges, "The MNIST Handwritten Digit Database," available online: yann.lecun.co.



References Weight

Web of Science® Citations for all references: 729 TCR
SCOPUS® Citations for all references: 919 TCR

Web of Science® Average Citations per reference: 23 ACR
SCOPUS® Average Citations per reference: 29 ACR

TCR = Total Citations for References / ACR = Average Citations per Reference

We introduced in 2010 - for the first time in scientific publishing, the term "References Weight", as a quantitative indication of the quality ... Read more

Citations for references updated on 2024-04-25 15:15 in 111 seconds.




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